Summary given sequence (nucleus): 1...4992 5'-|repeat junk|promoter|mRNA|terminator|-3' |transcription in nucleus primary mRNA (nucleus): 2186...3615 |Part 1|intron|Part 2|intron|Part 3| |transport across nucleus membrane (remove intron) mature mRNA (ribosome): |Part 1|Part 2|Part 3| ...rbs--ATG-GCC...AGC-AGC-... |translation in ribosome preproinsulin: NH2-M-A-...-N-COOH |Signal (20 peptides)|B Chain (30 peptides)|C Chain (35 peptides)|A peptide (21 peptides)| |transport across ER membrane (remove signal/leader sequence) proinsulin: |B Chain (30 peptides)|C Chain (35 peptides)|A Chain (21 peptides)| folding /w Chain C as guide & subsequent removal of Chain C in golgi insulin: |B Chain (30 peptides)|A Chain (21 peptides)| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ctcgaggggc ctagacattg ccctccagag agagcaccca acaccctcca ggcttgaccg 61 gccagggtgt ccccttccta ccttggagag agcagcccca gggcatcctg cagggggtgc 121 tgggacacca gctggccttc aaggtctctg cctccctcca gccaccccac tacacgctgc 181 tgggatcctg gatctcagct ccctggccga caacactggc aaactcctac tcatccacga 241 aggccctcct gggcatggtg gtccttccca gcctggcagt ctgttcctca cacaccttgt 301 tagtgcccag cccctgaggt tgcagctggg ggtgtctctg aagggctgtg agcccccagg 361 aagccctggg gaagtgcctg ccttgcctcc ccccggccct gccagcgcct ggctctgccc 421 tcctacctgg gctcccccca tccagcctcc ctccctacac actcctctca aggaggcacc 481 catgtcctct ccagctgccg ggcctcagag cactgtggcg tcctggggca gccaccgcat 541 gtcctgctgt ggcatggctc agggtggaaa gggcggaagg gaggggtcct gcagatagct 601 ggtgcccact accaaacccg ctcggggcag gagagccaaa ggctgggtgt gtgcagagcg 661 gccccgagag gttccgaggc tgaggccagg gtgggacata gggatgcgag gggccggggc 721 acaggatact ccaacctgcc tgcccccatg gtctcatcct cctgcttctg ggacctcctg 781 atcctgcccc tggtgctaag aggcaggtaa ggggctgcag gcagcagggc tcggagccca 841 tgccccctca ccatgggtca ggctggacct ccaggtgcct gttctgggga gctgggaggg 901 ccggaggggt gtaccccagg ggctcagccc agatgacact atgggggtga tggtgtcatg 961 ggacctggcc aggagagggg agatgggctc ccagaagagg agtgggggct gagagggtgc 1021 ctggggggcc aggacggagc tgggccagtg cacagcttcc cacacctgcc cacccccaga 1081 gtcctgccgc cacccccaga tcacacggaa gatgaggtcc gagtggcctg ctgaggactt 1141 gctgcttgtc cccaggtccc caggtcatgc cctccttctg ccaccctggg gagctgaggg 1201 cctcagctgg ggctgctgtc ctaaggcagg gtgggaacta ggcagccagc agggagggga 1261 cccctccctc actcccactc tcccaccccc accaccttgg cccatccatg gcggcatctt 1321 gggccatccg ggactgggga caggggtcct ggggacaggg gtccggggac agggtcctgg repeat repeat repeat 1381 ggacaggggt gtggggacag gggtctgggg acaggggtgt ggggacaggg gtgtggggac repeat repeat repeat repeat repeat 1441 aggggtctgg ggacaggggt gtggggacag gggtccgggg acaggggtgt ggggacaggg repeat repeat repeat repeat 1501 gtctggggac aggggtgtgg ggacaggggt gtggggacag gggtctgggg acaggggtgt repeat repeat repeat repeat 1561 ggggacaggg gtcctgggga caggggtgtg gggacagggg tgtggggaca ggggtgtggg repeat repeat repeat repeat 1621 gacaggggtg tggggacagg ggtcctgggg ataggggtgt ggggacaggg gtgtggggac repeat repeat repeat repeat repeat 1681 aggggtcccg gggacagggg tgtggggaca ggggtgtggg gacaggggtc ctggggacag repeat repeat repeat repeat 1741 gggtctgagg acaggggtgt gggcacaggg gtcctgggga caggggtcct ggggacaggg repeat repeat repeat repeat 1801 gtcctgggga caggggtctg gggacagcag cgcaaagagc cccgccctgc agcctccagc repeat 1861 tctcctggtc taatgtggaa agtggcccag gtgagggctt tgctctcctg gagacatttg 1921 cccccagctg tgagcaggga caggtctggc caccgggccc ctggttaaga ctctaatgac 1981 ccgctggtcc tgaggaagag gtgctgacga ccaaggagat cttcccacag acccagcacc 2041 agggaaatgg tccggaaatt gcagcctcag cccccagcca tctgccgacc cccccacccc 2101 gccctaatgg gccaggcggc aggggttgac aggtagggga gatgggctct gagacTATAA promoter 2161 Agccagcggg ggcccagcag ccctcAGCCC TCCAGGACAG GCTGCATCAG AAGAGGCCAT |-->mRNA Part 1 2221 CAAGCAGgtc tgttccaagg gcctttgcgt caggtgggct cagggttcca gggtggctgg intron 2281 accccaggcc ccagctctgc agcagggagg acgtggctgg gctcgtgaag catgtggggg 2341 tgagcccagg ggccccaagg cagggcacct ggccttcagc ctgcctcagc cctgcctgtc 2401 tcccagATCA CTGTCCTTCT GCCATGGCCC TGTGGATGCG CCTCCTGCCC CTGCTGGCGC Part 2 -M--A-- L--W--M-... 2461 TGCTGGCCCT CTGGGGACCT GACCCAGCCG CAGCCTTTGT GAACCAACAC CTGTGCGGCT - A--A||F--V - signal peptide|B Chain boundary 2521 CACACCTGGT GGAAGCTCTC TACCTAGTGT GCGGGGAACG AGGCTTCTTC TACACACCCA - 2581 AGACCCGCCG GGAGGCAGAG GACCTGCAGG gtgagccaac cgcccattgc tgcccctggc K--T||R--R -... intron B Chain|C Chain boundary 2641 cgcccccagc caccccctgc tcctggcgct cccacccagc atgggcagaa gggggcagga 2701 ggctgccacc cagcaggggg tcaggtgcac ttttttaaaa agaagttctc ttggtcacgt 2761 cctaaaagtg accagctccc tgtggcccag tcagaatctc agcctgagga cggtgttggc 2821 ttcggcagcc ccgagataca tcagagggtg ggcacgctcc tccctccact cgcccctcaa 2881 acaaatgccc cgcagcccat ttctccaccc tcatttgatg accgcagatt caagtgtttt 2941 gttaagtaaa gtcctgggtg acctggggtc acagggtgcc ccacgctgcc tgcctctggg 3001 cgaacacccc atcacgcccg gaggagggcg tggctgcctg cctgagtggg ccagacccct 3061 gtcgccagcc tcacggcagc tccatagtca ggagatgggg aagatgctgg ggacaggccc 3121 tggggagaag tactgggatc acctgttcag gctcccactg tgacgctgcc ccggggcggg 3181 ggaaggaggt gggacatgtg ggcgttgggg cctgtaggtc cacacccagt gtgggtgacc 3241 ctccctctaa cctgggtcca gcccggctgg agatgggtgg gagtgcgacc tagggctggc 3301 gggcaggcgg gcactgtgtc tccctgactg tgtcctcctg tgtccctctg cctcgccgct 3361 gttccggaac ctgctctgcg cggcacgtcc tggcagTGGG GCAGGTGGAG CTGGGCGGGG Part 3 3421 GCCCTGGTGC AGGCAGCCTG CAGCCCTTGG CCCTGGAGGG GTCCCTGCAG AAGCGTGGCA ...-K--R||G-- B Chain|A Chain boundary 3481 TTGTGGAACA ATGCTGTACC AGCATCTGCT CCCTCTACCA GCTGGAGAAC TACTGCAACT I- -C--N-Stop 3541 AGACGCAGCC TGCAGGCAGC CCCACACCCG CCGCCTCCTG CACCGAGAGA GATGGAATAA 3601 AGCCCTTGAA CCAGCcctgc tgtgccgtct gtgtgtcttg ggggccctgg gccaagcccc end mRNA<--| Terminator Sequence 3661 acttcccggc actgttgtga gcccctccca gctctctcca cgctctctgg gtgcccacag 3721 gtgccaacgc caggcaggcc cagcatgcag tggctctccc caaagcggcc atgcctgttg 3781 gctgcctgct gcccccaccc tgtggctcag ggtccagtat gggagcttcg ggggtctctg 3841 aggggccagg gatggtgggg ccactgagaa gtgactctgt cagtagccga cctggagtcc 3901 ccagagacct tgttcaggaa agggaatgag aacattccag caattttccc cccacctagc 3961 cctcccaggt tctattttta gagttatttc tgatggagtc cctgtggagg gaggaggctg 4021 ggctgaggga gggggtcctg cagggcgggg ggctgggaag gtggggagag gctgccgaga 4081 gccacccgct atccccagct ctgggcagcc ccgggacagt cacacaccct ggcctcgcgg 4141 cccaagctgg cagccgtctg cagccacagc ttatgccagc ccaggtccag ccagacacct 4201 gagggaccca ctggtgcctt ggaggaagca ggagaggtca gatggcacca tgagctgggg 4261 caggtgcagg gaccgtggca gcacctggca gggcctcaga acccatgcct tgggcacccc 4321 ggccatgagg ccctgaggat tgcagcccaa gagaagcagg gaacgccagg gccacagggg 4381 cagagaccag gccagggtcc cttgcggccc ttagcccacc ccctcccagt aagcaggggc 4441 tgcttggcta ggcttccttt tgctacagac ctgctgctca cccagaggcc cacgggccct 4501 agtgacaagg tcgttgtggc tccaggtcct tgggggtcct gacacagagc ctcttctgca 4561 gcacccctga ggacagggtg ctccgctggg cacccagcct agtgggcaga cgagaaccta 4621 ggggctgcct gggcctactg tggcctggga ggtcagcggg tgaccctagc taccctgtgg 4681 ctgggccagt ctgcctgcca cccaggccaa accaatctgc acctttcctg agagctccac 4741 ccagggctgg gctggggatg gctgggcctg gggctggcat gggctgtggc tgcagaccac 4801 tgccagcttg ggcctcgagg ccaggagctc accctccagc tgccccgcct ccagagtggg 4861 ggccagggct gggcaggcgg gtggacggcc ggacactggc cccggaagag gagggaggcg 4921 gtggctggga tcggcagcag ccgtccatgg gaacacccag ccggccccac tcgcacgggt 4981 agagacaggc gc